Executive functioning refers to a set of mental skills that help individuals organize, plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and manage time effectively. It involves the ability to control impulses, set goals, and make decisions, as well as the capacity to adapt to changing situations and think creatively. Research in this area explores how executive functioning develops in individuals, how it is impacted by various factors such as age, genetics, and environment, and how deficits in executive functioning may contribute to various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Studies also investigate interventions and strategies to improve executive functioning skills in individuals across the lifespan.